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Fertility Alterations Related to Endocrine Disruptors

Introduction

The objective of this essay is to review the endocrine disruptors’ effects on the reproductive system, and whether it is a clinical concern in domestic animals. We will discuss the physiological effects in male and female animals, and dive deeper into the concerns related to different species. The ways of exposure and accumulative capacities of the endocrine disruptors will also be taken into consideration.

Table of Content

Endocrine Disruptors

Endocrine disruptors (ED) are defined as substances found in our environment with the ability to alter the physiology of the mammalian or avian endocrine system. Both adult animals and developing organisms may experience harmful and long-lasting damage. Among these are developmental disorders, altered metabolic balance and reproductive problems. There is a broad spectre of ways of exposure, and they have an effect in really small doses. The endocrine disruptors may be incorporated orally, penetrate through skin or through mucous membranes. Offspring may receive disruptors through the placenta, with breast milk or into an egg. They are found in minerals (e.g. lead, mercury), micotoxins (e.g. zearalenon), agriculture (e.g. insecticides), industry (e.g. phthalates, BPA), among others (see Figure 1).